Bogotá’s medical care centres for drug addicts (CAMAD)
An initative wedged between political discourse and technical action
November 2012
In September 2012, the mayor of Bogotá, Gustavo Petro, launched the first centre for drug addicts in the Bronx, a marginalised city-centre neighbourhood. Called the Medical Care Centre for Dependent Drug Users (Centro de Atención Médica a Drogodependientes - CAMAD), it is staffed by psychiatrists, psychologists, doctors and nurses. The people given care in these centres are in an at-risk situation and socially excluded due to their high levels of drug dependency.
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They are people linked to criminal activities associated with the use and sale of drugs, and they often suffer from mental illness associated with drug use and diseases resulting from problem drug use. Petro revealed that the national government “authorised” his proposal to supply controlled drugs to dependents only under a strict medical prescription. The initiative seems to fit within a broader new appraisal of drug control policies in Colombia. On several occasions in the last few months, President Juan Manuel Santos has announced that it is necessary to take forward an analysis and debate about the results, effectiveness and future prospects of the so-called “war on drugs,” and the possible alternatives to it.
The initiative represents a first step in an attempt to design more humane and effective drug policies in the country’s capital city, and reflects a shift away from the approach characterised by police crackdowns. As such, it should be positively welcomed.
Nevertheless, the introduction of the CAMAD provoked a fierce debate in the press, the Attorney General’s office and the political community, due to the lack of clarity about the scope of the initiative in the absence of a strategy to deal with the complex issues involved in problem drug use, poverty and exclusion in run-down areas of Bogotá.
As drug expert Ricardo Vargas pointed out, one of the shortcomings that emerged when the CAMAD were announced was the absence of a drug policy strategy within which the initiative ought to be carried out. “The very announcement of the CAMAD is in itself something which should be subordinate to a strategy that hasn’t yet been presented,” Vargas argued. “In other words, the instrumental, secondary aspect has come to be seen as the key component of the strategy, and this distorts the complexity of the problem and the policies that ought to be drawn up.”
For good or bad, the nature of the measure has hit the front pages in the media but, as Vargas says, “… very few people have been asking the more important questions: What is the strategy that the CAMAD initiative forms part of? Does the city have a drugs strategy that is the result of a serious and coherent process of research and reflection? Why did the mayor present the CAMAD to the public before his drugs strategy?”
This report presents a brief account of the history of the relationship between the state and drug trafficking, and the open war declared by the traffickers at the end of the 1980s. It then goes on to describe the different stages in the way the drugs issue has been addressed, both in terms of legislation and in policies on health in the country. Against this background, the technical and legal assumptions behind proposals such as the CAMAD in the city of Bogotá are set out. The report concludes by offering a list of recommendations to continue making progress in the reform of drug policies.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT AND CIVIL SOCIETY
• The Ministry of Health and the Bogotá Mayor office could take advantage of international experience and work together with NGOs involved in these issues and with communities to develop projects like the CAMAD.
• Both the Bogotá Mayor and the Ministry of Health should take forward administrative reforms to speed up project implementation and remove the obstacles in contracting and resource management procedures. There is also a need to educate public officials and update their knowledge of the new policy concepts.
• The alert that has been raised about heroin in Colombia is timely. With the knowledge and experience gained internationally in methadone substitution therapy, heroin supply, needle exchange, supervised injection sites and support for user groups, the conditions are in place for heroin use to be controlled, avoiding the negative impacts that its clandestinity generates.
• The government has the opportunity to make innovative proposals for more effective, more humane policies on drugs. This would be an excellent sign of the political reconciliation and pragmatism that Colombia so urgently needs, especially while peace talks with armed insurgent organisations are ongoing.
